ABSTRACT
Helicobacter pylori [Hp] is related to gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and mucosal carcinoma. Emergence of multidrug resistant Hp strains encouraged researchers to find new effective drugs, especially medicinal herbs and plants which usually show fewer side effects. The aim of this study was an in vitro assessment of anti Hp activity of total extract of Tribulus terrestris [T. terrestris Benzoxacin], a local Iranian medicinal plant and its fraction Benzoxacin. Total aqueous extract of aerial parts of the plant was prepared and liquid extraction with petroleum ether was used to separate its components. LC/MS system proved the existence of Benzoxazine derivative in the water fraction and the third's fraction. Anti [Hp] effects of total extract and its third fraction were examined by cup plate method and using standard MacFarland. 50 biopsy samples of antrum were detected from patients who were endoscopic candidates in Milad and Fayazbakhsh hospitals of Tehran during 2011. All samples were isolated, diagnosed based on standard methods and biochemical tests and confirmed by PCR method for ureC gene, too. Different dilutions [250, 500,750 and 1000 mg/ml] of total extract were prepared. Clarythromycin [Cl[r]] E-test strips and an identified Hp OC1096 was used, simultaneously. Of 50 biopsy samples, 12 Hp strains were isolated. Rapid urease test were positive in all except one biopsy sample. Existence of ureC gene in all isolates was confirmed except for one strain by PCR. By cup plate method, resistance to concentrations of 1000 and 750mg/ml wase detected in 50% of Hp isolates and 66.6% of them were resistant to concentrations 250 and 500 mg/ml. Also, 83.3% of Hp strains were resistant to Benzoxacin fraction. Clarythromycin sensitivity was detected in 83% of Hp isolates, simultaneously. This study was done as a pilot study for in vitro evaluation of antibacterial effect of total extract of T. terrestris by cup plate method. Existence of high resistant rate [>/=50%] to different concentrations T. terrestris aqueous extract renders doing test on more Hp strains in future studies highly recommended. In contrast of the similarity of Benzoxazin structure to Ofloxacin, existence of 83.3% resistance among tested isolates showed no anti Hp effectiveness of this fraction
ABSTRACT
Attempts for early detection of gastric cancer have recently focused on host's genetic susceptibility factors and gene-environment interactions. We have, herein, studied the association of MTHFR C677T single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] and its interaction with Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking, age and gender on the risk of gastric cancer among an Iranian population. Gastric cancer patients [n = 450] and cancer-free controls [n = 780] were studied for serum H. pylori-specific IgG antibodies by ELISA and MTHFR C677T polymorphism [SNP] by PCR-RFLP. Demographic and life style data were collected through patient interviews. Unconditional logistic regression model estimated odds ratio [OR] and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals [CI]. The interactions of MTHFR genotype with H. pylori infection [P = 0.03], age [P = 0.049] and gender [P = 0.007] were statistically significant. Accordingly, MTHFR C677T carriers who were also positive for H. pylori infection exhibited 80% [OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0-2.9] significant excess risk of non-cardia gastric cancer. Furthermore, subjects over the age of 50 or female subjects carrying MTHFR C677T SNP showed 40 [OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0-2.0] and 100 [OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.2-3.2] percent increased risk of gastric cancer, respectively. MTHFR C677T SNP seems to increase the risk of gastric cancer and the effect is significantly inflated by interactions with H. pylori infection, age and gender
ABSTRACT
The most prevalent complication of gallstone is chronic cholecystitis. The aim of the present study was to determine the responsible microorganisms in patients undertook cholecystectomy and determine their antibiotic resistance pattern. Cholecystectomy was achieved in 100 patients. Collected samples transferred to laboratory in appropriate media, then cultured on selective media to isolate the possible causative bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were also performed by Kirby-Baur method with a colony in Muller-Hinton agar medium. Totally, 63 samples showed bacterial growth, of which 11 revealed two species of bacteria. A total of 10 gram positive [enterococci and staphylococci] and 63 gram negative [E.coli, klebsiella, aerobacter, pseudomonas, proteus, citrobacter, providencia and acinetobacter] bacteria were isolated. Isolating bacteria and determining their susceptibility to different antibiotics may help physicians to manage cholecystitis and its associated complications